Decentralized Sequencing

At the heart of Angularium's efficiency is its decentralized sequencer, AGRSEQ, which marks a departure from the conventional centralized sequencer model. In Angularium, the sequencer is not a singular entity but rather a network of validators that collectively process transactions, issue receipts for soft finality, and ultimately achieve hard finality by batching transactions to the underlying Layer 1 (L1) Ethereum blockchain. This decentralized approach mitigates the risks associated with a single point of failure and the "trust me" guarantee inherent in centralized systems.

The Role of Validators in Decentralized Sequencing

Validators in the Angularium network, through staking AGR tokens, are pivotal to the operation of AGRSEQ. They perform several key functions:

Transaction Processing

Validators receive transactions either directly from users or from L1 (in cases of withdrawal requests from L2 to L1). They are responsible for aggregating these transactions and executing them within the L2 environment.

Issuance of Transaction Receipts

Upon processing transactions, validators issue receipts that serve as proof of soft finality. This process ensures that users have immediate evidence of their transactions being acknowledged, even before they are batched and committed to L1.

Consensus Protocol Operation

Unlike centralized sequencers, AGRSEQ allows validators to run a consensus protocol among themselves. This consensus on transaction ordering and execution ensures that the soft finality guarantee provided by Angularium is more substantial than that of traditional rollups with centralized sequencing.

Batch Submission and State Validation

Validators collectively batch processed transactions and submit them to L1 using calldata. Alongside transaction data, validators submit old and new state roots, essential for verifying the correctness of state changes on the blockchain.